Localization testing is a way of making sure that applications are usable in the local context, in the sense of being colloquially comprehensible for users in different countries and cultures.
While [[Accessibility Testing]] is concerned with physical or mental differences, localization tackles geographical and cultural differences.
For example, localization might check that copy on a page is automatically displayed in the correct language, that translations are identified according to conventions (`https://site.com/en` for English and `https://site.com/es` for Spanish), or that users in the EU are asked for cookie preferences in accordance with EU regulation.